Absorption Chiller
Absorption chillers use heat instead of mechanical energy to provide cooling. Therefore can be coupled with a Cogeneration Unit to provide Trigeneration.
Action Energy
Now known as the Carbon Trust.
Advanced Conversion Technology
New and developing thermal processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis, which can be utilised to dispose of MSW.
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that produces a gas principally composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) otherwise known as biogas. These gases are produced from organic wastes such as livestock manure, food processing waste, etc.
Annual Quantity (AQ)
The amount of energy consumed within one year.
APX
Amsterdam Power Exchange.
Arbitrage
To take advantage of a state of imbalance. Can be applied to all types of market.
Arc Blackening
Staining of the lamp through the tungsten being heated to quickly, evaporating and sputtering away, staining the arc tube black.
At the beach
Gas is said to be 'at the beach' or 'beached' when it has landed at a terminal but not yet been processed or injected into the National Transmission System (NTS)
Automated Meter Reader (AMR)
An AMR enables non-daily metered gas supplies, non half-hourly electricity supplies and water supplies to record consumption every 30 minutes. Negates need for meters to be read manually.
Available Supply Capacity (ASC)
Measured in kilovolt Amperes (kVA), the ASV is the agreed maximum amount of electricity a customer can take from distribution via their supply point.
Backwardation
Used to describe a commodity market where future contacts are priced below the prompt.
Balancing and Settlement Code (BSC)
Administered by Elexon, the BSC contains the rules and governance arrangements for electricity balancing and settlement in Great Britain.
Barrels of oil equivalent (BOW)
A unit of natural gas expressed in terms of its energy equivalent to oil. One BOE is equivalent to 6000 cubic feet of gas.
Base Load
The expected amount of energy required on an around-the-clock basis for a particular supply, excluding peaks.
Bearish
A bearish market refers to conditions where sellers (the bears) dominate and as a result, prices are generally falling.
BEMS
Building Energy Management Systems.
Best Available Technology
Best Available Technology - which is economically achievable.
Biogas
Biogas is generated when bacteria degrades biological material in the absence of oxygen, in a process known as anaerobic digestion. Since biogas is a mixture of methane (also known as marsh gas or natural gas) and carbon dioxide it is a renewable fuel produced from waste treatment.
Biomass
Biomass, also known as biofuels or bioenergy, is obtained from organic matter either directly from plants or indirectly from industrial, commercial, domestic or agricultural products. The use of biomass is classed as a 'carbon neutral' process because the carbon dioxide released during the generation of energy from biomass is balanced by that absorbed by plants during their growth.
Bottom Ash
An inert ash produced from the treatment of MSW.
BMS
Building Management Systems.
Building Energy Rating
As part of the UK's implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), a Building Energy Rating certificate, or an Energy Performance Certificate will be required at the point of sale or rental of a building, or on completion of a new building.
Building Management Systems
Controls associated with space heating, air conditioning, hot water service and lighting in buildings.
Building Regulations
The Building Regulations set standards for the design and construction of buildings, primarily to ensure the safety and health for people in or around those buildings, but also for energy conservation and access to and about buildings, but also for energy conservation and access to and about buildings. The regulations apply to most new buildings and many alterations of existing buildings in England and Wales, whether domestic, commercial or industrial.
Bullish
A bullish market refers to conditions where buyers (the bulls) dominate and as a result, prices are generally rising.
Calorific Value
Amount of heat generated by a given mass of fuel when it is completely burned. It is measured in joules per kilogram.
Carbon Credits
Carbon credits are created when a project reduces or avoids the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The carbon credits are measured against a baseline.
Carbon Trading
The UK Emissions Trading Scheme, launched in April 2002, is the world's first economy-wide national-level greenhouse gas trading scheme. Emissions trading is designed to allow businesses to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases.
Carbon Trust
The Carbon Trust works with UK business and public sector to cut emissions of carbon dioxide, and reduce climate change. An independent, not-for-profit company set up and funded by the government to help the UK meet its international climate change obligations; the Carbon Trust creates practical solutions to help businesses cut their emissions, bringing both business and environmental benefits.
Catalyst
A catalyst provides a means to further reduce exhaust emissions for NOx and CO.
CCL
See Climate Change Levy.
CHP
See Cogeneration.
CHPA
The Combined Heat and Power Association work to promote the wider use of combined heat and power and community heating. Clean and efficient Combined Heat and Power (CHP) are already in use on close to 1,400 locations around the UK.
CHPQA
The CHPQA programme is carried out on behalf of the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. CHPQA provides the means to assess and monitor Good Quality CHP Capacity, for CCL exemption.
Clean Spark Spread
(See also dark, spark spread) Similar to spark spread, clean spark spread describes the difference in the price of electricity sold by a generator and the price of gas used to generate it but also incorporates a carbon dioxide emission allowance element.
Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy is a government imposed tax on energy use in industry, commerce, agriculture and the public sector.
CO
Carbon Monoxide.
CO2
Carbon Dioxide - odourless gas which is harmful to the environment.
CO2 Fertilising
Dosing of CO2 gases into a greenhouse to support growth. One attractive mean is to use the cleaned exhaust gases using a selective catalytic reductor from a CHP unit for this.
Coal Bed Methane
Methane which is still locked into the vast reserves of coal and coal measures strata that remain unworked. The concept of this is referred to as Coal Bed Methane (CBM) since it involves directly drilling into unworked coal and coal measures strata to release the methane locked within it rather than utilising methane released as a result of mining activities.
Coal Mine Methane
Methane continues to emit from the coal mine after closure, and recently the concept of collecting the gas from abandoned mines to provide an energy source which would otherwise be waste has been developed.
Cogeneration
Also referred to as Combined Heat and Power and CHP - On site generation of electricity, heat and/or cooling for the public and private sector.
Combined Heat and Power
Also referred to as Cogeneration - On site generation of electricity, heat and/or cooling for the public and private sector.
Compressed Air Efficiency Survey
Detailed analysis, including the generation, control, treatment, distribution and usage of the compressed air within the system.
Condensate
A light hydrocarbon liquid derived from produced or separated gas, composed largely of methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane.
Contango
Within commodity markets, the term is used to describe the situation where future contracts are priced above near-term contracts. This is the "normal" state of the market.
CPS
Acronym for Carrier Pre-selection
CRC
Carbon Reduction Commitment
Curve
Refers to the future electricity and gas contracts which are farther out than those categorised under the prompt market.
Daily metered (DM)
Daily metered refers to a gas supply where a consumption reading is taken every day (normally 6am) and is automatically sent, via modem, to the data collector and then the shipper.
Dark spread
Expressed in £/MWh, dark spread describes the difference in the price of electricity sold by a generator and the price of the coal used to generate it. The generating plants efficiency is also taken into account. Clean dark spreads also take into account carbon dioxide emission allowances.
Data Aggregator
Organisation responsible for aggregating the meter read data before sending it to suppliers.
Data Collector
The organisation responsible for collecting, processing and validating meter reads before they are sent to the data aggregator.
Day ahead market (DA)
The market for energy which is for physical delivery the following day.
DEC
Display Energy Certificates
DECC
Department for Energy & Climate Change (formerly DEFRA)
DEFRA
Department for Environmental Food and Rural Affairs (now known as DECC- Department for Energy and Climate Change)
DEP
See Discount Energy Purchase.
Di minimus Rule
The di minimus rule is applied to the gas supplies which use less than 147kWh per day. For electricity, di minimus is applied to supplies using less than 1000kWh per month.
Should a supply fall under the di minimus rule during any month, VAT is reduced to 5% and CCL is not applicable.
Discount Energy Purchase
Cogeneration technology supplied, installed and maintained by the ENER•G Group with no capital cost incurred to the client. The energy produced from the unit is then sold at a discounted rate to the client.
Display Energy Certificates
A Display Energy Certificate (DEC) is required for all public buildings and those occupied by public authorities which have a total useful area greater than 1000m2 and provide a public service to a large number of people and therefore frequently visited by those people (e.g. a school, hospital, government or local authority building). Public buildings throughout England and Wales need to display an energy certificate from 1st October 2008 (A different timetable and/or laws apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland).
Distribution Network Operator (DNO)
The DNO's operate and maintain the 12 Local Distribution Zones (LDZ) on the Gas NTS. There are 5 DNO's altogether; National Grid, Wales & West Utilities, Scotia Gas Networks, Southern Gas Networks and Northern Gas Networks.
Dual Fuel
When a Cogeneration unit is enable to operate on two fuels.
DUoS charge
The Distribution Use of System charge is levied against all electricity supplies and is incurred for distributing electricity from the local distribution company to the end-user.
ECA
See Enhanced Capital Allowances.
EEBA
Energy & Environmental Building Association - promotes the awareness, education and development of energy efficient, environmentally responsible buildings and communities.
EIA
Dutch tax energy investment deduction.
Electrical Efficiency
Electrical output in relation to fuel input.
Elexon
Organisation responsible for ensuring the proper, effective and efficient implementation of the Balancing and Settlement Code (BSC)
Energy Assessor
An energy assessor undertakes calculations according to a methodology approved by the Secretary of State in order to establish an energy performance rating of a building.
Energy Certificates
Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) and Display Energy Certificates (DEC)
Energy Efficiency Best Practice Programme
Government programme seeking to reduce the effect of climate change and contribute to the governments fuel poverty targets, by setting standards above current building regulations.
Energy From Waste
Energy recovery of post recycling waste residue - an alternative to landfill.
Energy Performance Certificates
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rates both the energy efficiency and environmental impact (C02 emissions) of a property. From 6th April 2008, energy performance certificates were introduced in England and Wales for non-dwellings over 10,000m2 whenever they are built, sold or rented. A lower limit of 2,500m2 was introduced on 1st July, and from 1st October 2008 all properties - homes, commercial and public buildings –when built, sold, or rented, will require an EPC. (A different timetable and/or laws apply in Northern Ireland and Scotland).
Energy Rating
Energy rating assesses the total energy performance of a complete product. Energy ratings are measured in a scale of G to A, the most energy efficient being ‘A’.
Energy Services Performance Contracting
Reductions in utility consumption associated with the provision and operation of various energy efficient technologies provided with no capital cost to the customer.
Energy Technology List
Only investment in products approved for the Energy Technology List can qualify for an ECA claim. Those organisations that are not eligible to make ECA claims can still benefit from ongoing energy savings by using the Energy Technology List as a procurement tool.
Enhanced Capital Allowances
Capital allowances on plant and machinery are generally given at 25% a year on a reducing balance basis. However, with ECAs, businesses can write off 100% of the cost of energy saving equipment against their taxable profits within the first year of investment. Businesses claim the allowance on their income tax or corporation tax returns.
Environmental Agency
The leading public body for protecting and improving the environment for England and Wales.
EPBD (Energy Performance of Building Directive)
Energy Performance of Building Directive - The EPB Directive 2002/91/EC was originally introduced in 2000 and following various revisions the current draft was formally adopted by the Council of Ministers on 16th December 2002 and published in the Official Journal on 4th January 2003. It is expected to result in savings of 45 million tonnes of CO2 by 2010.
EPC
Energy Performance Certificates
ESCO
Energy service company
ESPC
See Energy Services Performance Contracting.
EU-ETS
EU Emissions Trading Scheme
Excess Availability charge
A charge incurred when the available supply capacity (ASC) is breached.
Feasibility Studies
Carried out free of charge by the ENER•G Group to determine the viability of our technologies in a particular application
Fixed Charges
Charges that are fixed for the duration of a contract such as standing charges and the available supply capacity charge. They are only fixed if specified within the suppliers terms and conditions.
Fossil Fuels
Coal, Oil and Gas are called "fossil fuels" because they have been formed from the fossilised remains of prehistoric plants and animals. They provide around 66% of the world's electrical power, and 95% of the world's total energy demands (including heating, transport, electricity generation and other uses).
G59
Recommendations for the connection of embedded generating plant to the DNO's distribution systems and the provision of standby generators.
GAHP
Gas absorption heat pump.
Gasification
Breakdown of hydrocarbons into a syngas by carefully controlling the amount of oxygen present.
Gigawatt hour (GWh)
A large unit of energy equivalent to one million kilowatt-hours.
Global Warming
Global Warming A rise in global temperatures threatening wildlife and its habitat, often attributed to the burning of fossil fuels.
GPRS
The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new nonvoice value added service that allows information to be sent and received across a mobile telephone network. GPRS has several unique features which can be summarized as: Speed, Immediacy, Better Applications, Service Access.
Green Certificates
Customers can buy green certificates whether or not they have access to green power through their local utility or a competitive electricity marketer. And they can purchase green certificates without having to switch electricity suppliers. See also Renewable Energy Certificates.
Grid Supply Point (GSP)
GSP is where the National Grid ends and electricity is distributed via the local area network.
GSM
Global System for Mobile communications, the second generation digital technology originally developed for Europe but which now has in excess of 71 per cent of the world market. Initially developed for operation in the 900MHz band and subsequently modified for the 850, 1800 and 1900MHz bands. GSM originally stood for Groupe Speciale Mobile, the CEPT committee which began the GSM standardisation process.
GWh
Giga Watt Hour.
Heat Rate
Energy input per unit of time, usually expressed in kWh\h or BTU\h.
Half-Hourly supply (HH)
This is an electricity supply fitted with a half-hourly meter. These will take a meter reading every 30 minutes (via modem) and send it automatically to the Data Collector.
HID
High Intensity Discharge
High Quality Contention 20:1/50:1
High Quality Contention 20:1/50:1
HTHW
High Temperature Hot Water.
HVAC
Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning.
IPPC / Integrated Pollution and Prevention and Control
IPPC Directive is about minimising pollution from various point sources throughout the European Union. Based on the concept of Best Available Techniques (or BAT).
Island Mode / Standby Cogeneration
Ability of the Cogeneration unit to operate independently from the grid.
SO14001
ISO 14000 is a series of international standards on environmental management. It provides a framework for the development of an environmental management system and the supporting audit programme. The main thrust for its development came as a result of the Rio Summit on the Environment held in 1992.
Kilovolt Amperes (kVA)
Known also as apparent power, KVA is the resulting effect of the active (kW) and reactive (KVAr) power.
Kilowatt (kW)
A unit of energy equal to 1000 watts (W)
Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
A unit of energy used to represent the work done by 1 kilowatt (kW) over a one hour period. It is equivalent to 1000 watts (W).
Kyoto Accord
Agreed in Japan 1997 targets 'carbon-rich' gases and commits 38 industrialised countries to emissions cut of 5.2% by 2010.
Lamp efficacy
Measured lumen output of a lamp in lumens divided by the measured lamp electrical power input in watts expressed in units of lumens per watt (LPW).
Landfill Gas
Municipal solid waste contains significant portions of organic materials that produce a variety of gaseous products when dumped, compacted, and covered in landfills. Anaerobic bacteria thrives in the oxygen-free environment, resulting in the decomposition of the organic materials and the production of primarily carbon dioxide and methane. Landfill gas consists of 50-60% methane and 35-40% carbon dioxide
Landfill Gas Generators
Utilising landfill gas to fuel a generator.
Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD)
The LCPD is an EU directive governing the operation of large combustion plants including most coal-fired power stations.
Lean-burn
Lean-burn is the ability to ignite air and fuel mixtures that contain higher amounts of air than normally used.
LECs (UK)
See Levy Exemption Certificates
Levy Exemption Certificates (UK)
Organisations that pay the CCL can enter into agreements with suppliers to purchase renewable electricity. The Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs) are evidence of CCL exempt electricity supply generated from qualifying renewable sources. LECs will be redeemed by suppliers to HM Customs and Excise to demonstrate the amount of non-climate change electricity able to be levied that had been supplied to non-domestic customers in the given period.
Linedraft
Related to linepack, Linedraft describes the process of decreasing the volume of gas within the NTS, either by decreased flows or by decreasing the pressure.
Linepack
Linepack describes the volume of gas within the NTS at a specific point in time.
Liquidity
The term liquidity is used to describe how active a particular market is. An illiquid market would represent no (or minimal) opportunity to trade whilst the opposite is true for a liquid market.
Local Distribution Zone (LDZ)
There are 12 LDZ's in the UK managed by 4 Distribution Network Operators (DNO). Gas is delivered to the LDZ's via the National Transmission System (NTS) and they in turn supply the end user. This is achieved via a less pressurised system than the NTS.
Long Range Storage (LRS)
Gas storage sites which have the capacity to hold greater volume and supply for a longer duration than short or medium range sites. Rough storage, owned by Centrica, is the UK's only LRS site.
LPHW
Low Pressure Hot Water.
LTHW
Low Temperature Hot Water.
Lumen
Unit of luminous flux, used to measure the perceived power of light
Lumen degradation
Lumen degradation
Maximum Demand (MD)
Associated with electricity supplies, the MD is the highest value of energy used for a particular period of time. It is usually measured in kilowatts (kW)
Medium Range Storage (MRS)
Gas storage sites, such as Hornsea, which have less capacity than their long range counterparts and can supply a shorter duration.
Megawatt (MW)
A unit of energy equal to 1000 kilowatts (kW)
Megawatt hour (MWh)
A unit of energy used to represent the work done by 1 megawatt (MW) over a one hour period.
MEP
Dutch subsidy on electricity generated.
Meter Operator (MOP)
Organisation appointed by customer or supplier to install and maintain electricity meter equipment.
Meters Supply Point (MSP)
MSP is a pricing mechanism reflected in how a supply is invoiced. Should a supply by priced at MSP, the energy unit rates would also incorporate the distribution (DUoS) and transmission (TUoS) charges.
Micro Cogeneration
Also referred to as Micro Combined Heat and Power and CHP - small scale on site generation of electricity, heat and/or cooling for the public and private sector.
Motor Management System
Monitoring and control system for gas engine enabling safe and efficient operation.
MPAN
Stands for Meter Point Administration Number. This is a unique number used to identify electricity meters.
MPR
Stands for Meter Point Reference and is a unique number assigned to all gas meters.
MSW (Municipal Solid Waste)
The EPA (1998c) defined municipal solid waste as "a subset of solid waste and as durable goods (e.g., appliances, tyres, batteries), non-durable goods (e.g., newspapers, books, magazines), containers and packaging, food wastes, yard trimmings, and miscellaneous organic wastes from residential, commercial and industrial non-process sources (p. II-2).
MTHW
Medium Temperature Hot Water.
MWh
Mega Watt Hour.
National Balancing Point (NBP)
A theoretical point within the National Transmission System (NTS) where gas is traded on the wholesale market.
National Grid
A network utility responsible for maintenance of the UK National Transmission System (NTS), transportation of gas and electricity and monitoring supply and demand to ensure a balanced, functional and safe market.
National Transmission System (NTS)
The high pressurised system used to transport gas across the UK (via 26 compressor stations). From over 140 off-take points, gas is delivered to 40 power stations, a small number of large industrial users and the 12 Local Distribution Zones (LDZ's)
Netcaretaker
Part of our Building Energy Management System (BEMS), NETcaretaker automatically looks after your site. It constantly monitors system performance and records any changes made to the BEMS. Using the power of the Internet, NETcaretaker sends e-mailed reports twice daily and immediately on parameter change to our dedicated support centre where these are decoded and handled by NETmail and our team of energy consultants.
Netmail
NETmail automatically decodes e-mail messages from our NETcaretaker equipped sites. Messages contain archive data which is automatically stored and exception reporting that requires immediate action. NETmail automatically flags key issues to both operators and customers and in some instances takes automated corrective action. In addition NETmail will also calculate the energy impact of parameter changes such as temperature setpoints and plant operating hours.
Non half-hourly supply (NHH)
This is an electricity supply fitted with a non half-hourly meter, usually installed at sites where the maximum demand does not exceed 100kW on three or more occasions annually. Reading of the meter has to be done manually.
NOx
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) act as indirect greenhouse gases by producing the tropospheric greenhouse gas 'ozone' during their breakdown in the atmosphere.
Ofgem
The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets. Ofgem are the industry regulators in the UK.
OPTIMA (Dutch DEP)
Discount Energy Purchase operated by ENER•G NEDALO.
Parallel Grid Mode
This is where the Cogeneration unit runs in parallel with the grid.
Part L
Part L of the UK Building Regulations deals with the conservation of fuel and power in buildings throughout the UK. It is part of a broad wave of European legislation which seeks to encourage industry-wide adoption of energy efficient practices and waste minimisation techniques. This legislation is only in its infancy, however it is already having a significant impact on the local building industry.
Peak Shaving
Can mean limiting demand to a predetermined level/or eliminating demand charges altogether.
PFI
Private Finance Initiative.
Power Factor
A measure of how efficient a particular site is at using its supply of electricity.
PPP
Public Private Partnership.
Prompt market
Used to describe the trading of near-term contracts such as Within Day (WD), Day Ahead (DA) and Week Day Next Week (WDNW)
Property Energy Rating/Premise Energy Rating
The Property energy rating or Premise energy rating is calculated from the EPC. This will indicate how energy efficient the building is.
Pyrolysis
Thermal degradation of waste in the absence of air to produce char pyrolysis oil and syngas.
Rangebound
Used to describe a contract that has seen little activity and where price, over a period of time, has not seen significant change.
Ratcheting
Ratcheting is applied by certain Distribution Networks and is a mechanism that increases a customers Available Supply Capacity. This happens when the ASC is breached and the level to which it is uplifted reflects the new value.
Reactive Power
A measure of wasted electricity units that are lost through usage.
Measured on the reactive power register in kilovolt amp reactive hours (Kvarh).
REB
Dutch tax on gas and electricity, exemption for CHP.
REC's
Regional Electricity Companies.
Renewable energy
Energy that is generated from resources that are unlimited.
Renewable Energy Certificates (REC's)
Renewable energy certificates (RECs), also known as green certificates, green tags, or tradable renewable certificates, represent the environmental attributes of the power produced from renewable energy projects and are sold separate from commodity electricity.
Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROC's)
Issued by Ofgem, ROC's are given to accredited generators of eligible renewable electricity generated in the UK (for use in the UK). Suppliers must present sufficient ROC's to meet their obligation. One ROC is issued per megawatt hour (MWh) of eligible renewable output generated.
Renewable Power Association (RPA)
The Renewable Power Association is a trade association open to all companies supportive of the UK renewable energy Industry.
Renewables Obligation (UK)
The new Renewables Obligation and associated Renewables (Scotland) Obligation came into force in April 2002 as part of the Utilities Act (2000). It requires power suppliers to derive from renewables a specified proportion of the electricity they supply to their customers. This starts at 3% in 2003, rising gradually to 10% by 2010. The cost to consumers will be limited by a price cap and the obligation is guaranteed in law until 2027.
RMS3
Third Generation Remote Monitoring System to control and monitor Cogeneration / CHP application.
ROCs (UK)
See Renewable Obligation Certificates.
Seasonal-norm temperature (SNT)
Derived by the MET Office and used by National Grid, the SNT is calculated using historic data on a daily basis and is used as an indicator for estimating demand (not the only factor used in demand estimates).
Settlement charge
A charge applied to electricity supplies by Elexon - the organisation responsible for implementing the Balancing and Settlement Code. It covers their costs in ensuring a balanced system.
Sewage Charge
This is calculated by multiplying your water use in cubic metres by the price per cubic metre for sewerage
Sewage Standing Charge
Annual fixed charge including the cost of surface water and highway drainage, based on the connection size of your meter
Short Range Storage (SRS)
Gas storage sites, such as Avonmouth and Glenmavis, which have less capacity and can supply for a shorter duration of time than their medium or long range counterparts.
Sound Pressure Level (dB(A))
A-weighted sound pressure level at a certain distance from the source.
Spark Spread
Expressed in £/MWh, spark spread describes the difference in the price of electricity sold by a generator and the price of the gas used to generate it. The plants generating efficiency is also taken into consideration.
Spudding
Used in the exploration and production side of the industry, spudding refers to the drilling of wells in the sea-bed in order to find/utilise further gas and oil reserves.
SSAP
Site Specific Advice Programme
Standard Reference Conditions
Standard conditions for ambient air, ambient air pressure, relative humidity, cooling water temperature referred to when defining engine output, fuel consumption etc.
Standing Charge
Usually a fixed charge per month made by the supplier (on gas and electricity) to cover costs not relating to the physical energy.
Stoichiometric
Stoichiometric is often used in thermodynamics to refer to the "perfect mixture" of a fuel and air.
Supply Offtake Quantity (SOQ)
The maximum daily consumption at a gas supply point.
Supply standing charge
Annual fixed charge which covers customer services such as billing
Surface water charge
Tariff for the removal and treatment of surface water (rainwater) from your site or premises, including water that drains from roofs, car parks and other hard standing areas
Syngas
A mixture of light, combustible gases produced by the advanced conversion technology (gasification or pyrolysis).
System Buy Price (SBP)
The price paid per unit in the balanced market
System length
May be described as short or long. A long system refers to the situation where the National Transmission System (NTS) has more gas than is needed to satisfy demand at any one time. A short system wouldn't have enough gas to satisfy demand at any one time.
System Sell Price (SSL)
The price a party has to sell for in the balancing market when they have more energy than their contracted needs.
TA LUFT
German air quality standard.
TER
Acronym for target emission rate
Terminal
Terminals, located on the coast, receive gas via offshore pipelines and process it to system specification before being entered into the National Transmission System (NTS).
The London plan
The name given to the Mayor of London’s new plan of spatial development strategy
Therm (th)
A unit of natural gas equal to 100,000 British Thermal Units (Btu). It is also equal to 29.3071kWh.
Thermal Efficiency
Quantity of heat produced in relation to fuel input.
Total Efficiency
Sum of the electrical and thermal efficiency in relation to the fuel consumed.
Trade effluent
Liquid waste produced in the course of any trade or industry
Triad
A triad is a maximum demand measurement per electricity supply. It is calculated by taking the three peak half-hourly demand levels between November and February, and then averaging out the total.
Trigeneration
The absorption chilling unit would use waste heat available from the CHP system in the summer months to provide chilled water. The distributive mains will deliver this and also connect together several new and existing chilled water systems providing improved efficiency in operation resulting in significant electricity savings.
TUoS charge
The Transmission Use of System charge is levied against all electricity supplies and is incurred for transmitting electricity across the National Grid network from the source of generation to the network of the local distribution company.
UK Emissions Trading Scheme
Based on the international Kyoto Summit on Climate Change agreement, this describes the UKs National Emissions Trading scheme designed to reduce a range of greenhouse gases, 80% of which is carbon dioxide.
Unbalance Market
Difference between electricity production and demand.
VuSite
VuSite is a graphical management tool used as part of our Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS). The tool typically displays a site plan upon which real time operating temperatures are shown and allows the user to make adjustment of time setting and temperature setpoints. In addition temperature records can be viewed, normally in the form of a simple graph.
Waste Residue
The portion of the waste stream (domestic and commercial) which cannot currently be recovered or recycled.
Watt (W)
A unit of electrical power. 1000W is equivalent to 1kW.
White light
This is the combination of all the colours of the visible light spectrum in near equal amounts, producing a high light intensity
